engineering); genetic technologies (gene modifications, microRNA, and molecular inducers of IDD); technologies

to distant sites, where they can modulate gene expression and cell signaling pathways. They have been shown

diseases. NcRNAs are actively involved in the regulation of osteogenic genes in human periodontal ligament

to play a significant role in regulating gene expression through epigenetic and posttranscriptional

that play a key role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Recent studies have shown

of biological functions such as regulating gene expression, protecting the genome from exogenous DNA

(lncRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators of gene expression and have garnered attention

. In turn, genes belonging to monoaminergic systems, inflammatory response, hypothalamic