–25 nucleotides in length. These molecules function as essential regulators of gene expression by selectively

counterparts. They are intricately involved in regulating different aspects of cellular functions, particularly

system. AF can result in reduced heart function, heart failure, and various other complications. Current

by targeting mRNA at the post-transcriptional level, while lncRNAs function as competing RNAs, blocking

and their regulatory functions make circRNAs an enticing avenue for innovative therapeutic approaches. The ongoing

functions is acting as a microRNA sponge, modulating protein transcription levels, and forming interactions

comprehension of the functioning of proteins, DNA, and the extensive array of coding and noncoding RNAs but also

on microRNA (miRNA)-based therapy. MiRNAs possess the ability to function as suppressors of tumor growth

, function, and potential applications in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. We also discuss the challenges

, the function of the polyphenols, and their chemical structure; where the main ones are flavonoids. All