distinguishing between normal and cancer cells, and pinpointing the tissue of origin for metastatic brain tumors

Background: Glioblastoma is the most common type of brain cancer, with a prognosis

in cell growth and development. Remarkably, circRNAs can have varying functions, either promoting

, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have attracted significant attention in scientific research due

efficacy of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Younger donors often exhibit higher ASC proliferation rates

or replacing lost parts of tissues and organs with transplanted cells. Of great interest is the use of the so

: before, during, or long after the completion of cancer treatment. Detailed clinical case studies of CNS

of topographical, pharmacological, and mechanical stimuli has also shown promise for the transfer of cells

Astrocytes, the most prevalent cells in the central nervous system, significantly contribute

. Meningiomas, originating from arachnoid meningothelial cells and known for their gradual growth, constitute a