17 2023 2023-10-23 10.1111/aos.15692 Purpose: To assess relationships between ocular biometric parameters in dependence of age and sex in children and adolescents. Methods: In the Ural Children Eye Study, a school-based cohort study, 4933 children underwent an ophthalmological and general examination. Results: Complete biometric measurements were available for 4406 (89.3%) children. Cycloplegic refractive error (mean: −0.87 ± 1.73 diopters (D); median: −0.38 D; range: −19.75 D to +11.25 D) increased (multivariable analysis; r2 = 0.73) with shorter axial length (β: −0.99; non-standardized regression coefficient B: −1.64; 95% CI: −1.68, −1.59) and lower corneal refractive power (β: −0.55; B: −0.67; 95% CI: −0.70, −0.64), in addition to higher cylindrical refractive error (β: 0.10; B: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.41), thinner lens (β: −0.11; −0.85; 95% CI: −1.02, −0.69) and male sex (β: 0.15; B: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.57). In univariate analysis, decrease in refractive error with older age was more significant (β: −0.38 vs. β: −0.25) and steeper (B: −0.22 (95% CI: −0.24, −0.20) vs. B: −0.13 (95% CI: −0.15, −0.11)) in girls than boys, particularly for an age of 11+ years. Axial length increased with older age (steeper for age https://repo.bashgmu.ru/publication/3264 https://repo.bashgmu.ru/files/3440