Дата публикации: 2020

DOI: 10.33184/bulletin-bsu-2020.4.47

Статья посвящена жизни и деятельности выдающегося французского ученого Антуана Лорана Лавуазье. Отражены основные биографические сведения, важнейшие научные достижения, а также вклад ученого как общественного и государственного деятеля. Лаборатория Лавуазье, оснащенная новейшим оборудованием, была центром научной жизни Франции, а проводимые здесь экспериментальные исследования ознаменовали «эру золотого века в развитии химических знаний». В 1789 г. во Франции разразилась революция, лидеры которой развязали массовые репрессии, уничтожившие около 300 тысяч граждан, и в их числе Антуана Лорана Лавуазье.

Издатель: Башкирский государственный университет

Тип: Article

УДК: 929

Publication date: 2020

DOI: 10.33184/bulletin-bsu-2020.4.47

The article is devoted to the life and work of the outstanding French scientist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier. The main biographical information, the most important scientific achievements, as well as the contribution of the scientist as a public figure and statesman, are reflected. The Lavoisier laboratory, equipped with the latest equipment, was the center of the scientific life of France, and the experimental studies conducted here marked the “era of the golden age in the development of chemical knowledge”. Thanks to Lavoisier, the law of conservation of matter became the foundation of modern chemical science, the application of which meant the need for accurate weighing of reagents. In 1774, Lavoisier proved the complex chemical composition of air. In his treatise “On Burning in General” published in 1777, he outlined his theory of combustion as a combination of bodies with oxygen and for the first time showed that breathing is like burning. In 1787, he formulated new ideas about a chemical element and proposed a new system of chemical compounds, for the first time dividing substances into chemical elements and chemical compounds. In 1789, he published the first textbook of modern chemistry, which became the same evidence-based science as mathematics. In the same year, a revolution broke out in France, the leaders of which unleashed mass repressions that destroyed about 300 thousand citizens, including Antoine Laurent Lavoisier.

Издатель: Башкирский государственный университет

Тип: Article

УДК: 929