Since the first case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was diagnosed in 1981, the number of cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been continuously increasing around the world. In China, HIV/AIDS is spreading throughout the whole country in a surprising speed. Therefore, understanding HIV/AIDS as much as possible has been the responsibility for every health care worker in China. In the review, we present a HIV infected patient which was first diagnosed in ophthalmology. Brief introduction to the following topics will be given in this review, including the key ocular manifestations of the HIV infected patient, and the major procedures of HIV/AIDS in our clinical experiences. It is necessary to carry out the routine ophthalmologic screening for suspected AIDS patients and early diagnosis HIV related ophthalmology.